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- TELEMTRY.txt 7.7g APRS TELEMETRY SYSTEM
- Using the Micro.Interface.Module (MIM)
-
- See also MIC-E.TXT for how the MIM is used in the APRS Mic-Encoder
-
- The MIM module is a complete telemetry TNC transmitter on a chip. It has
- a serial data port, 5 analog and 8 digital telemetry inputs. It outputs
- PTT and transmit audio AX.25 tones. The MIM was developed by Carl Wick,
- N3MIM, as a very simple, light-weight, throw-away module for experimental
- balloons. He has teamed up with Will Clement and refined the chip into
- a very useful APRS packet tool. The only external components besides
- the sensors themselves, are a transmitter and optional GPS card and battery.
- A 0.3 cu in. 800 mw xmtr is available from Agrelo Engineering too!
-
- INPUTS OUTPUTS
- ___________
- Analog 1 --O| |O-- PTT to XMTR
- Analog 2 --O| |O-- Audio to XMTR
- Analog 3 --O| |O
- Analog 4 --O| M.I.M |O
- Analog 5 --O| |O
- Rcv Audio --O| AX.25 |O (receiver audio is optional for)
- NMEA Serial --O| |O (colision avoidance CSMA)
- Input bit 1 --O| Telemetry |O
- input bit 2 --O| |O
- input bit 3 --O| Chip |O
- input bit 4 --O| |O
- input bit 5 --O| |O
- input bit 6 --O| |O
- input bit 7 --O| |O
- input bit 8 --O| |O
- -------------
-
- APRS TELEMETRY FORMAT: The on-air packet telemetry format is as follows:
-
- T#sss,111,222,333,444,555,xxxxxxxx where sss is the serial number
- followed by the five 3 digit analog
- values and the eight binary values.
-
- Each telemetry value is actually a decimal number between 000 and 255. The
- user can adjust his sensors to meaningful values, or the telemetry equations
- can be modified on receipt. Usually just a a simple 10k and 2.4k resistor
- divider is used on channel 1 to give you battery voltage in tenths. So
- a reading of 138 would mean 13.8 volts. It is easy to make APRS display
- any other quadratic telemetry equation too. See following sections.
-
-
- EXTENDED LIFE OPTION: For extended operation (up to a year or more), the
- MIM can be configured to go to sleep between reports. A single set of
- AA Alkaline batteries could power the MIM and 1 watt transmitter for
- a YEAR at one report every 30 minutes. This extend timer mode TBD.
-
- Additionally, the power to the GPS can be programmed separately to allow
- time for obtaining a current fix. Assuming a worst case of the GPS
- needing 15 minutes per fix for a full sky search, this could result in a
- system that could "check its position" once a day, report its position,
- telemetry and status every 30 minutes using a 1 watt XMTR for a YEAR on
- a single set of alkaline D cells.
-
-
- APRS TELEMETRY RECEIVING SYSTEM: To make the APRS Telemetry page generic
- and able to show real engineering values and units, APRS can receive on-air
- packets to define the Telemetry labels, units, and equations. This means
- that APRS does not need to be progammed for each different application.
- These paramaters may be uploaded to all APRS stations live via four one-
- line BULLETINS. The first one defines the telemetry labels, the second
- defines the units, the third defines the telemetry equations, and th forth
- defines the project name and digital bit definitions.
-
- Once any APRS station receives these parameter transmissions, it
- is then ready to receive and to display the real-time telemetry values in
- the proper engineering units. The TELEMETRY page is displayed using the
- alt-T command. Hitting this command causes APRS to scan the READ MAIL
- screen looking for the telemetry equations, and then to scan the
- ALL_BEACONS pages looking for TELEMETRY values. The last 16 values are
- displayed. The TELEMETRY samples are saved in the normal LOG files.
- A sketch of the APRS telemetry display is shown below:
-
-
- APRS TELEMETRY FOR XYZ BALLOON LAUNCH
-
- SER TIME Battery AirTemp BTemp Pres Altud Camra Par Sun 10m ATV 5th 6th etc
- NUM volts deg.F deg.F Mbars K ft BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT
- --- ---- -------- ------- ----- ----- ----- ----- --- --- --- --- --- ---
- 101 1215 12.8 86 85 999 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
- 102 1216 12.8 86 85 999 1000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
- 103 1217 12.6 87 87 998 2000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
- 104 1218 12.4 84 80 980 4000 clik ... on on hi ... ...
- 105 1219 12.3 80 76 900 8000 ... ... ... on hi ... ...
- 106 1220 12.1 75 70 850 16000 ... ... on on ... ... ...
- 107 1221 12.0 70 65 800 32000 clik ... ... ... ... ... ...
- 108 1222 12.0 65 60 730 64000 ... ... on ... hi ... ...
-
-
- Notice that the M.I.M module transmits a value for each of its five
- analog channels and each of its eight digital bits once every sample time.
- The sample periodicity can be set from any value from 1 second to hours
- depending on the application. Each sample includes a unique serial number.
- In addition, not only can the parameter name, units and equations be
- specified for each of the analog channels, but the word to be associated
- with either the 0 or 1 value of each digital bit can also be specified.
-
- To configure all APRS stations to properly decode the telemetry from
- the M.I.M module, the net control station (or any other designated station
- in the APRS network) needs to transmit the proper parameter definition
- packets. These packets are transmitted as APRS messages TO the CALLSIGN
- of the M.I.M module. If the M.I.M module is using the callsign of N3MIM,
- then the parameter definition station would send the following messages:
-
- To N3MIM:PARM.Battery,BTemp,AirTemp,Pres,Altude,Camra,Chute,Sun,10m,ATV
- To N3MIM:UNIT.Volts,deg.F,deg.F,Mbar,Kfeet,Clik,OPEN!,on,on,high
- To N3MIM:EQNS.0,2.6,0,0,.53,-32,3,4.39,49,-32,3,18,1,2,3
- To N3MIM:BITS.10110101,PROJECT TITLE...
-
- The PARM format specifies the name of each of the 13 parameters. The UNITs
- format specifies what units are to be displayed, and for the digital bits,
- show what label is associated with the digital condition. The EQNS format
- has three coeficients for each of the five analog channels. The BITS format
- specifies either a 1 or a 0 for each of the five digital channels to indicate
- which state is associated with the indicated label. This permits the payload
- designer to use 1's or 0's as convenient with his circuity without being
- forced to always use 0 for OFF and 1 to mean ON. A title can also be
- included in the BITS definition which will be used by APRS to title the
- TELEMETRY page. The three values for each of the analog channels are the
- coeficients of a quadratic equation:
-
- Final value = A*X^2 + B*X + C Where X is the M.I.M transmitted value
-
- FORMAL SPECIFICATION: The specific format for the TITLE, PARM, UNIT, and EQNS
- message packets are shown below. They are entered as messages to the address
- of the MIM module:
-
- PARM.P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,B1,B2,B3,etc Where Pn and Bn are the parameter names
-
- UNIT,U1,U2,U3,U4,U5,L1,L2,L3,etc Where Un are the units for analog ports
- and Ln are the labels for the bits
-
- EQNS,A1,B1,C1,A2,B2,C2,A3,B3,C3,etc Where the An,Bn,Cn are the coeficients
- for each of the five analog channels,
-
- BITS.XXXXXXXX,Title-up-to-23-chars The x's specify the state of the bits
- that match the BIT Labels.
-
- T#sss,111,222,333,444,555,xxxxxxxx This is the on-air format for the UI
- packet, where sss is the serial number
- followed by the five 3 digit analog
- values and the eight binary values.
-
- PARAMETER NAMES: Due to the 80 character screen width in DOS, each
- parameter has a fixed NAME/UNITS length. The lengths for the 5 analog
- channels are 7, 6, 5, 5 and 4 characters. The lengths for the 8 digital
- bits are 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, and 2 characters respectively. So you may
- need to decide early on what channel to use for what purpose based on the
- number of characters available in the display...
-
- DEFAULTS TO APRS Mic-ENCODER: Since the predominant application of the MIM
- module is in the APRS Mic-Encoder, the default telemetry parameters and
- units for the Mic-E are normally displayed. These will go away if any
- on-air parameters or equations are received...
-
- APPLICATIONS:
-
- 1) Balloon payloads using only party balloons, not needing the big
- WX balloons and all the paraphanalia.
-
- 2) Tracking wildlife or packages
-
- 2) TRAFFIC monitoring MILE posts! This is a neat idea! Given that HAMS
- will be commuting with APRS moving Map displays, why not build a match
- box sized traffic SPEED detector (solar powered MIM module) that can be
- stuck on the side of a highway pole ? Via a $1.29 crystal MIC from
- radio shack, use DSP to figure out the speed of the traffic based on
- audio analysis! Beacon this SPEED once every two minutes at about 10
- mW. The beacon will, of coure, include the LOCATION of the device.
- What the APRS commuter sees on his MAP is these MILE posts ahead of him
- showing traffic speeds! He can then decide on alternate routing!
-
- We have plenty of room in the MIM to add this DSP (maybe), IS
- THERE ANYONE OUT THERE THAT IS INTO DSP THAT CAN DETERMINE THE
- ALGORITHM TO DETERMINE SPEED FROM THE AUDIO OF TRAFFIC??????????
- (or the amplitude fluctuations of a photo cell?) Even cheap X band
- doppler motion detectors are possible, since they only need to turn
- on briefly to get a speed measurement. This thing has to be VERY small
- and low power to be able to be SOLAR powered and able to be COVERTLY
- installed with out a lot of STATE HIGHWAY bureaucracy.
-
- LOW POWER TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS: To complement this less than ONE-CUBIC
- inch MIM telemetry system, Agrelo Engineering in NY makes a 1.5 x 0.5 x 0.25
- inch 2 meter transmitter for $99. It outputs 500 mW at 6 volts 140 ma and
- 120 mW at 3 volts 50 ma. A new 800 mw model is now out!
- See more cheap transmitters in the GPS.TXT file.
-
-
- ORDERING YOUR M.I.M. SYSTEM:
-
- Oder the MIM from Clement ENgineering, Inc. PO Box 1086 Severna Park, MD
- 21146. Phone 410 268-6736, FAX: 410 268-4612. wclement@the-hermes.net
-
-
- NOTE, THis is a new model from the original 4 channel prototypes.
- If you have one of the originals, it is only on-air compatible with APRS
- versions APRS74b or earlier.
-